Nevertheless, animal model studies showed reduced catecholamines circulating levels with chronic caffeine consumption. Acute administration of caffeine led to improvement in endothelial vasodilatory function. In contrast, the benefits of caffeine ingestion in young healthy men were also reported. Studies have demonstrated that caffeine promotes sympathetic antagonism of adenosine receptor, norepinephrine release via direct effects on the adrenal medulla, activation of the renin angiotensin renal system, and might be the mechanism of coffee-related acute hypertension. The blood pressure dysregulations, which were observed after acute coffee intake, were attributed to caffeine. The acute pressor effect of coffee might be more pronounced in those who are not habitual coffee drinkers. Ingestion of two to three cups of coffee increases systolic blood pressure (sBP) by 3–14 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (dBP) by 4–13 mmHg. Acute Effects of Coffee Consumption on BPĬoffee ingestion has an acute effect by increasing blood pressure. Therefore, isolated systolic hypertension might be a result of age-related cardiovascular alterations. Higher arterial stiffness reduces the compliance of arteries in close proximity to the heart, leading to higher systolic and pulse pressure. Several studies showed that aging thickens the walls of large conduit arteries, thereby decreasing their elasticity. Aged-related changes, such as chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, a decrease in elastin, an increase in collagen and calcification of arteries, an increase in sympathetic nervous system activity, and an increase in aldosterone production and salt sensitivity, are potential factors that could increase the occurrence of hypertension. Aging, which is a time-associated decline in tissue functionality, increases the risk of developing metabolic syndromes. ![]() Prevalence of hypertension is higher (two times more) in older compared to younger populations. The aetiology of hypertension is unclear in most cases, but is associated with multiple risk factors. DBP and PP were not affected by coffee consumption frequency in a statistically significant manner. After adjusting for body composition, smoking status, age, sex, heart rate, and number of antihypertensive agents taken, participants who drank coffee everyday had a significant increase in sBP, with a mean of 8.63 (1.27 15.77) and an mBP, with a mean of 5.55 mmHg (0.52 10.37) after two years (t = 2.37, p = 0.02 and t = 2.17, p = 0.03, respectively) compared to participants who never or very rarely (up to a few times per month) drank coffee. ![]() Blood pressure (systolic (sBP), diastolic (dBP), mean (mBP), and pulse pressure (PP)) was measured at baseline and after two years. ![]() ![]() Participants completed physical and behavioural assessments, which included body composition, current pharmacological treatment, and frequency of coffee consumption grouped into three categories: “never to a few times per month”, “once a week to a few times per week”, and “every day”. Healthy, older people (N = 205) were examined at baseline and at two years. This study examined the relationship between the frequency of coffee consumption and blood pressure over a two year follow up of a cohort of elderly people.
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